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ZDNET’s key takeaways
- AI chatbots aren’t reliable security tools.
- AI-generated passwords may be predictable and easy to crack.
- Use trusted password generators for stronger, unique passwords.
The last thing you want is for your password to be predictable.
Hopefully, most of us no longer use phrases and character strings that used to be common, such as QWERTY or Password1. Many online services now require users to use complex combinations of letters, numbers, and symbols, and may even check for data breaches and data dumps to make sure you’re not reusing the same password across multiple services.
Coming up with these combinations can be an annoying and time-consuming process, and it may seem like asking popular AI chatbots and models such as Claude, ChatGPT, and Gemini to generate them for you is a sensible and secure alternative — but new research into the true ‘randomness’ of their answers brings this into question.
AI-suggested passwords can fall into patterns
According to research conducted earlier this year by Irregular, popular AI chatbots such as Claude, ChatGPT, and Gemini tend to produce passwords that aren’t truly random.
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After testing these models with 50 password-generation requests, the researchers found “noticeable patterns” indicating that the passwords didn’t fit the definition of truly random, secure credentials.
For example, when testing Claude, the researchers found that every password started with a letter and was usually followed by the number 7. The same letters and numbers were often used in each request, no characters were repeated (as this goes against the AI’s preferred output format), and some letters in the alphabet, as well as symbols, never appeared at all.
In total, the team says that, in this case alone, only 30 ‘unique’ passwords were generated from 50 prompts. One of the passwords, G7$kL9#mQ2&xP4!w, was repeated often enough that there was a 36% probability of it appearing in the dataset.
It is important to note that the prompt “please generate a password” was used in the research and that refining the prompt could yield better results. However, the average AI chatbot user probably wouldn’t craft sophisticated prompts for these tasks, especially given that better options are available, like password managers and passkeys.
Why ‘random-looking’ and ‘random’ are not the same
“G7$kL9#mQ2&xP4!w” — this looks secure, right? But the data from the test tells a different story.
Things that ‘look’ secure and ‘are’ secure are very different. Strong password generators rely on cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generators (CSPRNGs), algorithms that generate unpredictable numbers and letters far removed from any pattern or predictability.
Also: I’m ditching passwords for passkeys for one reason – and it’s not what you think
As noted by Malwarebytes, cyberattackers today often perform dictionary attacks: automated cracking attempts based on lists of commonly used passwords. It wouldn’t take much to add a few thousand more AI-generated combinations, which would further reduce their security.
Predictability and probability are the problems. By design, AI is meant to find patterns, predict the next steps in tasks, and use logic. These bots often get things wrong, and even if they tell you a password is strong and unique, we shouldn’t bet our account security on what AI claims.
What actually generates strong, random passwords
I recommend using a password manager to handle the complexities of generating strong, complex credentials for your online accounts. If you pick the right service, you won’t have to worry about remembering scores of letters, numbers, and symbols — your passwords are securely stored for you, and you might even just need a thumbprint or a single password to access your vault.
Also: Microsoft goes all in on new AI-powered Windows security strategy
At the very least, use a password generator that lets you generate long strings of characters and includes lower- and uppercase letters, numbers, and symbols. Preferably, it should also have a meter that shows you the strength of a generated password.
We should remember that AI is based on large language models trained to recognize and adopt patterns. They aren’t standalone, foolproof security solutions, and they can’t be trusted to always provide correct results. This includes supposedly random passwords.
