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Taylor Leamey

Written by 
Nasha Addarich Martínez

Article updated on 

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Taylor Leamey Former Senior Writer

Taylor Leamey wrote about all things wellness for CNET, specializing in mental health, sleep and nutrition coverage. She has invested hundreds of hours into studying and researching sleep and holds a Certified Sleep Science Coach certification from the Spencer Institute. Not to mention the years she spent studying mental health fundamentals while earning her bachelor’s degrees in both Psychology and Sociology. She is also a Certified Stress Management Coach.

Expertise Sleep, Mental Health, Nutrition and Supplements Credentials

  • Certified Sleep Science Coach, Certified Stress Management Coach

Headshot of Nasha Addarich Martínez

Nasha Addarich Martínez Managing Editor

Nasha is a Managing Editor for CNET, overseeing our sleep and wellness verticals. She is a nutrition, mental health, fitness and sleep science enthusiast. Her passion for mindful and holistic practices transcends her personal life and profoundly influences her editorial approach, as she weaves evidence-based insights with practical advice to inspire readers to lead healthier, more balanced lives. Throughout her career, she’s covered various topics including financial services, technology, travel and wellness.

Expertise Sleep | Mental health | Personal Care | Fitness | Nutrition | Medical | Wellness | Vitamins and Supplements | Vision Health | Longevity Credentials

  • Sleep Science Coach Certification from The Spencer Institute.

Stress impacts all of us, and while it is a natural part of life, sometimes it can be a lot to handle. Taking the right steps, like speaking to a therapist, can keep mental health concerns at bay. Other options include mental health apps. With between 10,000 and 20,000 wellness apps out there, it can be a task to find the best option to fit your needs. That’s why we did the research for you. Check out our picks for the best mental health apps you can use today to elevate your happiness in 2026.

If you’ve been interested in meditating but don’t know where to begin, Headspace makes it easy. The app’s simple, welcoming approach takes the pressure off, so even if you’ve never meditated before (or fallen out of the habit, like I did), you can ease back in without feeling overwhelmed.


Jump to details


Pros

  • Beginner-friendly with easy-to-follow guided meditations
  • Variety of content
  • In-app therapy


Cons

  • Subscription-based
  • Limited free content


Pros

  • Calm is simple to use and the exercises are easy to follow. It’s one of the best mental health apps for beginners.
  • Features of Calm include breathing exercises, sleep programs, relaxation and mindfulness techniques.
  • You have access to sleep stories narrated by celebrities including Harry Styles and Laura Dern.


Cons

  • Calm offers a free version of the app, however, it is limited. You have to pay to access the full features.
  • You do have to enter payment upfront when you sign up, meaning you have to remember to cancel if you decide it’s not for you.
  • Reviews say that the app has troubles and customer service can be difficult to work with.

The Moodfit app has a lot to offer and you can choose how to use this best mental health app. You can track sleep, nutrition and exercise during your wellness journey. Moodfit uses tools and sessions that help you assess your feelings, recognize negative thinking and change it.


Jump to details


Pros

  • With Moodfit, you can adapt what the app offers based on your goals. Daily reminders and exercises will keep you on track.
  • Moodfit has some of the best analytics available in the mental health app game.


Cons

  • Moodfit does not offer communication with a therapist.
  • The basic version of Moodfit does not include all that the app has to offer. The premium version is $9/month, which is a few dollars cheaper than the average cost of the best mental health apps without therapist access.

Talkspace takes our top spot for the best therapy mental health app because it provides 24/7 access to a mental health professional. It’s an affordable online therapy option that gives you more than just helpful guides and videos to watch. You have access to a licensed therapist wherever and whenever you need them. Talkspace is a great option for someone who is not comfortable going into an office or would rather have therapy appointments online.


Jump to details


Pros

  • Talkspace offers therapy with a mental health professional. Not all of the best mental health apps offer this feature.
  • You can change therapists.
  • Access to treatment and Talkspace features 24/7.


Cons

  • Because it offers therapy, Talkspace is more expensive than other apps. This may put it out of reach for some.
  • You can use insurance to pay for Talkspace, but some users have noted customer service wait times and other insurance troubles.

Happify is a free mental health app that focuses entirely on your mood and helps relieve anxiety. Developed by mental health professionals, Happify’s strategies are derived from cognitive behavioral therapy that helps you learn how to recognize and reorient negative thinking.


Jump to details


Pros

  • Happify was developed by therapists. It’s one of the most robust mental health apps on the list.
  • You can personalize how you use the app by selecting what your goals are.
  • When using Happify, you have access to a community forum or you can keep your account private.
  • Happify also has a digital coach feature available.


Cons

  • The free features available are limited. To access the digital coach and advanced features, you have to pay for a subscription.

MindShift is a free mental health app specifically designed to target anxiety. Categories within the app are broken down into general worry, social anxiety, perfectionism, panic and phobias. This allows the user to personalize which type of anxiety they want to work through.


Jump to details


Pros

  • MindShift is a very interactive app that allows you to choose which type of anxiety you target.
  • It’s a free app that used psychotherapy techniques.


Cons

  • Because it’s free, you have a limited number of entries a day.
  • The app may have technical difficulties.

If you’re looking for an app you can use daily to boost your wellness passively, you’ll like Soaak. Soaak is a clinically proven sound therapy app that offers frequency compositions for things like stress relief, mental clarity, better sleep, focus and mood boost. Sound therapy may seem hard to believe, but there is research behind sound stimulation. For example, a 2020 review found that sound therapy can disrupt agitated brain waves and move them into calmer waves.


Jump to details


Pros

  • It continues playing even when you go to another app. It is just slightly quieter.
  • There are a ton of frequency options that you can favorite.
  • Additional features include health biometrics and a gratitude journal.
  • 21-day programs available to follow.


Cons

  • Frequencies only last a set amount of time.
  • Sometimes, the app was slow to load.
  • Other frequencies like hormonal, digestive and immune support are hard to quantify if they work.

Read more: Best Online Therapy Services

Pros

  • Beginner-friendly with easy-to-follow guided meditations
  • Variety of content
  • In-app therapy

Cons

  • Subscription-based
  • Limited free content

If you’ve been interested in meditating but don’t know where to begin, Headspace makes it easy. The app’s simple, welcoming approach takes the pressure off, so even if you’ve never meditated before (or fallen out of the habit, like I did), you can ease back in without feeling overwhelmed.

After months of not meditating, Headspace helped me get back into my daily routine with short, guided sessions. The app offers everything from quick breathing exercises to full meditation courses, sleep sounds and even mindfulness-based movement. One of my favorite features is Ebb, a friendly blob-like character that helps you process emotions and navigate tough moments in real time. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, Ebb offers guided exercises and reflections to help you check in with yourself.

Headspace offers in-app therapy, giving you access to licensed therapists for virtual sessions. This app offers a seamless way to combine meditation and mental health support.

You can pay $70 up-front for a year with a 14-day free trial or $13 monthly with a 7-day free trial.

Pros

  • Calm is simple to use and the exercises are easy to follow. It’s one of the best mental health apps for beginners.
  • Features of Calm include breathing exercises, sleep programs, relaxation and mindfulness techniques.
  • You have access to sleep stories narrated by celebrities including Harry Styles and Laura Dern.

Cons

  • Calm offers a free version of the app, however, it is limited. You have to pay to access the full features.
  • You do have to enter payment upfront when you sign up, meaning you have to remember to cancel if you decide it’s not for you.
  • Reviews say that the app has troubles and customer service can be difficult to work with.

Calm is one of the most well-known mental health apps in the wellness space, with more than 100 million downloads. We consider Calm one of the best meditation apps because of its comprehensive offerings, including breathing techniques and calming exercises.

The Calm app is pretty easy to navigate and organized well. When you open the app, you are prompted to take a few deep breaths. Then you select what your main goals are so that your recommendations are tailored to your needs. You also can track statistics within the app, such as how long you have been using the app or how many sessions you’ve completed.

While it’s a free app, it’s the limited version of its service. However, there is a 7-day trial that helps you decide if it’s right for you. After the trial, you have to pay the premium to access the 100 guided meditations, sleep library and masterclasses, which is $15/month or $70/year. If you are ready to commit to Calm, it’s good to go with the full-year option because it comes out to just less than $6/month instead of the full $15. Or you can always stay with the limited free version.

Pros

  • With Moodfit, you can adapt what the app offers based on your goals. Daily reminders and exercises will keep you on track.
  • Moodfit has some of the best analytics available in the mental health app game.

Cons

  • Moodfit does not offer communication with a therapist.
  • The basic version of Moodfit does not include all that the app has to offer. The premium version is $9/month, which is a few dollars cheaper than the average cost of the best mental health apps without therapist access.

The Moodfit app has a lot to offer and you can choose how to use this best mental health app. You can track sleep, nutrition and exercise during your wellness journey. Moodfit uses tools and sessions that help you assess your feelings, recognize negative thinking and change it.

The Moodfit app has pretty standard navigation. The “notices” tab at the bottom is what I would consider the educational section. There is a lot of good information available, like how your thoughts influence your behavior and feelings, but you will have to take the time to actually read it. Other mental health apps have a more interactive experience with imagery, videos and readouts.

Where I think Moodfit really shines is its analytics. With the easy-to-interpret charts, you can spot patterns in your mood and your activities. You also can track your mood down to the hour — analytic views available are monthly, weekly, daily and hourly. Many apps do have analytics, but Moodfit puts a lot of intention behind helping you find patterns in your behavior and moods.

Pros

  • Talkspace offers therapy with a mental health professional. Not all of the best mental health apps offer this feature.
  • You can change therapists.
  • Access to treatment and Talkspace features 24/7.

Cons

  • Because it offers therapy, Talkspace is more expensive than other apps. This may put it out of reach for some.
  • You can use insurance to pay for Talkspace, but some users have noted customer service wait times and other insurance troubles.

Talkspace takes our top spot for the best therapy mental health app because it provides 24/7 access to a mental health professional. It’s an affordable online therapy option that gives you more than just helpful guides and videos to watch. You have access to a licensed therapist wherever and whenever you need them. Talkspace is a great option for someone who is not comfortable going into an office or would rather have therapy appointments online.

A 2020 study found that messaging a therapist through Talkspace reduced feelings of anxiety and depression, helping improve mental health. A different study said that using Talkspace’s voice, video and text features also reduced symptoms of PTSD, or post traumatic stress disorder. Note that the researchers of the studies had connections to Talkspace.

Within this mental health app, you have access to video, text and audio chat to communicate with your therapist. However, users note there is a 5-minute cap on audio messages. Talkspace is significantly more expensive than other mental health apps on the list. However, if you’re looking for an app that allows you to talk to a therapist directly, it may be worth the price.

Pros

  • Happify was developed by therapists. It’s one of the most robust mental health apps on the list.
  • You can personalize how you use the app by selecting what your goals are.
  • When using Happify, you have access to a community forum or you can keep your account private.
  • Happify also has a digital coach feature available.

Cons

  • The free features available are limited. To access the digital coach and advanced features, you have to pay for a subscription.

Happify is a free mental health app that focuses entirely on your mood and helps relieve anxiety. Developed by mental health professionals, Happify’s strategies are derived from cognitive behavioral therapy that helps you learn how to recognize and reorient negative thinking.

Happify had the most thorough questionnaire when signing up. I was asked about relationships, employment and medical conditions to help personalize the service. As the name suggests, Happify focuses on positivity and tries to make your journey fun with engaging games. With the relaxation and mindfulness techniques Happify offers, you can boost your mood and relieve anxiety.

The app has a different navigation setup than other apps. Instead of having the navigation bar at the bottom, there’s a three-bar dropdown you have to tap to bring up the menu at the top left, making it just a little more difficult to find things.

Pros

  • MindShift is a very interactive app that allows you to choose which type of anxiety you target.
  • It’s a free app that used psychotherapy techniques.

Cons

  • Because it’s free, you have a limited number of entries a day.
  • The app may have technical difficulties.

MindShift is a free mental health app specifically designed to target anxiety. Categories within the app are broken down into general worry, social anxiety, perfectionism, panic and phobias. This allows the user to personalize which type of anxiety they want to work through.

As the name suggests, MindShift targets your mindset, meaning that it helps you identify what is making you anxious and helps you redirect your thinking to positivity. When you open the app, you’re prompted to rate your daily anxiety score to track over time. The app is pretty easy to use and easier to navigate than other options simply because there is less available. One tool that stood out was the “thought journal” that helps you work through what you’re worried about and how to overcome negative thoughts. “Coping cards” are also available to help you ease anxiety in the moment.

MindShift is much more interactive than other apps, as it relies on you to add anxiety scores and type responses to get the best experience. Other apps are mainly reading-based. If you want the best out of MindShift, you need to interact with the app.

Pros

  • It continues playing even when you go to another app. It is just slightly quieter.
  • There are a ton of frequency options that you can favorite.
  • Additional features include health biometrics and a gratitude journal.
  • 21-day programs available to follow.

Cons

  • Frequencies only last a set amount of time.
  • Sometimes, the app was slow to load.
  • Other frequencies like hormonal, digestive and immune support are hard to quantify if they work.

If you’re looking for an app you can use daily to boost your wellness passively, you’ll like Soaak. Soaak is a clinically proven sound therapy app that offers frequency compositions for things like stress relief, mental clarity, better sleep, focus and mood boost. Sound therapy may seem hard to believe, but there is research behind sound stimulation. For example, a 2020 review found that sound therapy can disrupt agitated brain waves and move them into calmer waves.

The Soaak app is easy to use and I enjoyed how I could turn it on while doing other things. My favorite compositions to use were Energy, Sleep Well and Focus. You can listen to the sound frequencies in three forms: original, nature or music. If you’re new to sound frequency, I recommend first trying the nature or music versions. For example, the energy/high vibration frequency has rain sounds over the sound compositions. 

You can use the Soaak app by playing the sound frequencies or dive deeper into what the app offers with 21-day programs or custom wellness plans. However, the personalized wellness services are significantly more expensive, starting at $750.

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App Superlative Standout features Price
Headspace Best mental health app for beginners Guided meditations, sleep music library, Ebb, access to licensed therapists $12.99/month or $69.99/year
Talkspace Best online therapy app Access to a licensed therapist online. Video, text and audio chat availability. Plans start at $65/week
Calm Best meditation mental health app Guided meditations, sleep library, masterclasses, tailored recommendations, can track statistics. $14.99/month or $69.99/year
Moodfit Best app to combat negative thinking Can track sleep, nutrition and exercise. Analytics for tracking patterns and mood. $35.99/year
Happify Best mental health app to boost your mood Cognitive behavioral therapy strategies, engaging games, relaxation and mindfulness techniques. $14.99/month or $139.99/year. You also can purchase “lifetime access” for $449.99.
MindShift Best mental health app for anxiety Can tailor it to the type of anxiety you have, thought journal, coping cards, anxiety scores. Free
Soaak Best sound frequency therapy app Clinically proven sound therapy app, three sound frequency forms (original, nature and music), 21-day programs. $29.99/month or $359.88/year

The apps included on the best mental health app list have the best features supported by research. When selecting our picks, we examined each app’s user experience, features and pricing. We also read through user reviews to tease out pain points and what people value in mental health apps.

  • Features: There are many mental health apps out there, all of which have specific offerings that may or may not fit your needs. When comparing the best mental health apps, pay close attention to what they offer and consider whether that meets your goal. For example, many apps specialize in relaxation, reducing anxiety and depression, establishing coping skills, and addiction.
  • App credentials: Not all apps are backed by clinical research or insights, nor do they all have licensed therapists available through them. Depending on your goal, this could be an essential determinant of your decision.
  • Price: There are mental health apps for every budget. Robust apps with therapists, like Talkspace, cost about $69/week. However, self-guided apps tend to be more affordable, though they offer less. Determining your budget will help you narrow your options and find the best app for your needs.
  • User reviews: The best way to get a feel for a mental health app before you sign up is to read user reviews. They’ll help you gauge people’s satisfaction with the app, give insights into any pain points to watch for and point out favorite features to check out.

From our research, we’ve found that experts are split on the effectiveness of mental health apps. Some studies have not found “convincing evidence,” while other research suggests that mental health apps have the potential to manage and improve symptoms of select disorders. But what do users have to say?

A qualitative study of reviews for mood-tracking apps — a subset of mental health apps — found that such apps positively impact users’ mental health. A recent Reddit thread even had positive mentions for Finch, an app that rewards self-care in the form of items and the growth of a virtual pet, leading to improved well-being for people. It reinforces that when applied consistently, mental health apps can be useful.

If you or someone you know requires immediate medical attention in the United States, call 911. If you or someone you know is in suicidal crisis or emotional distress in the US, call or text the Suicide & Crisis Lifeline at 988. The 988 Lifeline Chat is also available.

To use the Crisis Text Line, text HOME to 741741.

For LGBTQ+ youth in need of crisis support, you can contact The Trevor Project’s crisis counselors from anywhere in the US via text, chat or phone using the resources here.

For those facing mental and/or substance use disorders, you can contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration at 1-800-662-HELP (4357) for referrals to local treatment facilities, support groups and community-based organizations.

Who doesn’t want therapy from the comfort of home? Mental health apps are tools you can use to improve your well-being. While not all offer online therapy, they’re simple to use and make managing your mental health easy. Each app will vary in what it targets. For example, Calm specializes in relaxation and breathing. Moodfit focuses on tracking your mood and finding patterns.

Mental health apps are not intended to diagnose conditions or be a replacement for therapy. Instead, they are a great tool to use for continued support daily. They offer encouragement, education and helpful activities you can use to improve several areas of your mental health.

Read more: Tips to Find the Right Therapist For You

Experts are split on the effectiveness of mental health apps. Some studies have not found “convincing evidence” that apps greatly improve outcomes related to disorders like anxiety, depression or drinking. However, other research has suggested that mental health apps have potential in managing and improving symptoms of select disorders.

The research on the effectiveness of long-term treatment with apps is young. Most experts agree that they are a great tool to support your mental health, especially when you use them in addition to other treatment options. They are not intended to diagnose conditions and should be viewed primarily as a complement to traditional treatment options.

Mental health apps bring resources to those who otherwise may not have had access to them, whether because of financial standing or regional location. And while they are not a true replacement for therapy, mental health apps are a great way to self-regulate and be mindful of how you’re feeling.

  • Convenience: You can track your mood, talk to a counselor or read about mental health topics from anywhere.
  • Price: Mental health apps are significantly more affordable than traditional therapy. Many are available for less than $20/month.
  • Consistency: You want to be as consistent as possible during your wellness journey. With push notifications and props to check in, mental health apps ensure that you are being mindful of patterns in your behaviors or moods and how to meet your goals.
  • 24/7 access: With a mental health app, you can access resources whenever you need them. While some of the counselors may not reply immediately, you have access to the app’s other features 24/7.
  • They can help: Wellness apps can help you achieve your goals, whatever they are. For example, they can help you recognize patterns in your mood or improve your coping skills.

Mental health apps are great tools that supplement your experience. However, it’s unlikely they would ever replace traditional therapy, even the options that offer virtual therapy. Mental health apps have limitations in crises and there are questions about effectiveness when used alone. Mental health apps aren’t the best option for everyone. While the apps are typically user-friendly, some people still prefer to meet in person and have their therapists’ undivided attention. It’s all a matter of preference.

Read more: What Is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?

With mental health apps, you can’t assume that everything is protected under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Mental health apps fall in a gray area. HIPAA only protects information collected by “covered entities,” including health-care providers and insurance companies. Many of the best mental health apps on the market operate without connection to covered entities, meaning your information isn’t completely private.

HIPAA applies to conversations with your therapist on an app. So you don’t need to worry about what you disclose in those sessions. However, the apps’ additional features — guided meditations, CBT exercises and mood logs — are not always kept confidential. Neither is the fact that you use a mental health app. The data you give the apps outside of therapy sessions can be sold for targeted advertising. And it’s not just Facebook; your information can be shared with public health and academics for research.

Privacy will vary by platform. Make sure you read the privacy policy of each app to fully understand your protection.

For many people, apps are an important tool to guide their wellness journey. While they are not a replacement for therapy, mental health apps are a great way to check in on yourself. My advice is that mental health apps are what you put into them. Many of the free ones offer helpful, educational content. But you need to take the time to read it. Others allow you to work through stressors with open-ended answer boxes. But you have to interact with the app to truly benefit from it.

A wellness app won’t give the client’s relationship with a counselor that traditional talk therapy offers. And for some, that’s not something they are willing to give up. But if therapy is currently out of your reach, especially because of cost, then mental health apps may be a good option. You won’t get the highly personalized experience you could get with another person, but you can still learn healthy habits and skills.

The information contained in this article is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as health or medical advice. Always consult a physician or other qualified health provider regarding any questions you may have about a medical condition or health objectives.


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Recent Reviews


There are a ton of laptops on the market at any given moment and almost all of those models are available in multiple configurations to match your performance and budget needs. If you’re feeling overwhelmed with options when looking for a new laptop, it’s understandable. To help simplify things for you, here are the main things you should consider when you start looking.

Price

The search for a new laptop for most people starts with price. If the statistics that chipmaker Intel and PC manufacturers hurl at us are correct, you’ll be holding onto your next laptop for at least three years. If you can afford to stretch your budget a little to get better specs, do it. That stands whether you’re spending $500 or more than $1,000. In the past, you could get away with spending less upfront with an eye toward upgrading memory and storage in the future. Laptop makers are increasingly moving away from making components easily upgradable, so again, it’s best to get as much laptop as you can afford from the start.

Generally speaking, the more you spend, the better the laptop. That could mean better components for faster performance, a nicer display, sturdier build quality, a smaller or lighter design from higher-end materials or even a more comfortable keyboard. All of these things add to the cost of a laptop. I’d love to say $500 will get you a powerful gaming laptop, for example, but that’s not the case. Right now, the sweet spot for a reliable laptop that handles average work, home office or school tasks is between $700 and $800 and a reasonable model for creative work or gaming is upward of about $1,000. The key is to look for discounts on models in all price ranges so you can get more laptop capabilities for less.

Operating system

Choosing an operating system is part personal preference and part budget. For the most part, Microsoft Windows and Apple MacOS do the same things (save for gaming, where Windows is the winner), but they do them differently. Unless there’s an OS-specific application you need, get the one you feel most comfortable using. If you’re not sure which that is, head to an Apple store or a local electronics store and test them out. Or ask friends or family to let you test theirs for a bit. If you have an iPhone or iPad and like it, chances are you’ll like MacOS, too.

In price and variety (and PC gaming), Windows laptops win. If you want MacOS, you’re getting a MacBook. Apple’s MacBooks regularly top our best lists, the least expensive one is the M1 MacBook Air for $999. It is regularly discounted to $750 or $800, but if you want a cheaper MacBook, you’ll have to consider older refurbished ones.

Windows laptops can be found for as little as a couple of hundred dollars and come in all manner of sizes and designs. Granted, we’d be hard-pressed to find a $200 laptop we’d give a full-throated recommendation to but if you need a laptop for online shopping, email and word processing, they exist.

If you are on a tight budget, consider a Chromebook. ChromeOS is a different experience than Windows; make sure the applications you need have a Chrome, Android or Linux app before making the leap. If you spend most of your time roaming the web, writing, streaming video or using cloud-gaming services, they’re a good fit.

Size

Remember to consider whether having a lighter, thinner laptop or a touchscreen laptop with a good battery life will be important to you in the future. Size is primarily determined by the screen — hello, laws of physics — which in turn factors into battery size, laptop thickness, weight and price. Keep in mind other physics-related characteristics, such as an ultrathin laptop isn’t necessarily lighter than a thick one, you can’t expect a wide array of connections on a small or ultrathin model and so on.

Screen

When deciding on a screen, there are a myriad number of considerations, like how much you need to display (which is surprisingly more about resolution than screen size), what types of content you’ll be looking at and whether you’ll be using it for gaming or creative work.

You really want to optimize pixel density; that is, the number of pixels per inch the screen can display. Although other factors contribute to sharpness, a higher pixel density usually means a sharper rendering of text and interface elements. (You can easily calculate the pixel density of any screen at DPI Calculator if you don’t feel like doing the math, and you can also find out what math you need to do there.) I recommend a dot pitch of at least 100 pixels per inch as a rule of thumb.

Because of the way Windows and MacOS scale for the display, you’re frequently better off with a higher resolution than you’d think. You can always make things bigger on a high-resolution screen, but you can never make them smaller — to fit more content in the view — on a low-resolution screen. This is why a 4K, 14-inch screen may sound like unnecessary overkill but may not be if you need to, say, view a wide spreadsheet.

If you need a laptop with relatively accurate color that displays the most colors possible or that supports HDR, you can’t simply trust the specs — not because manufacturers lie, but because they usually fail to provide the necessary context to understand what the specs they quote mean. You can find a ton of detail about considerations for different types of screen uses in our monitor buying guides for general purpose monitors, creators, gamers and HDR viewing.

Processor

The processor, aka the CPU, is the brains of a laptop. Intel and AMD are the main CPU makers for Windows laptops, with Qualcomm as a new third option with its Arm-based Snapdragon X processors. Both Intel and AMD offer a staggering selection of mobile processors. Making things trickier, both manufacturers have chips designed for different laptop styles, like power-saving chips for ultraportables or faster processors for gaming laptops. Their naming conventions will let you know what type is used. You can head over to Intel or AMD for explanations so you get the performance you want. Generally speaking, the faster the processor speed and the more cores it has, the better the performance will be.

Apple makes its own chips for MacBooks, which makes things slightly more straightforward. Like Intel and AMD, you’ll still want to pay attention to the naming conventions to know what kind of performance to expect. Apple uses its M-series chipsets in Macs. The entry-level MacBook Air uses an M1 chip with an eight-core CPU and seven-core GPU. The current models have M2-series silicon that starts with an eight-core CPU and 10-core GPU and goes up to the M2 Max with a 12-core CPU and a 38-core GPU. Again, generally speaking, the more cores it has, the better the performance.

Battery life has less to do with the number of cores and more to do with CPU architecture, Arm versus x86. Apple’s Arm-based MacBooks and the first Arm-based Copilot Plus PCs we’ve tested offer better battery life than laptops based on x86 processors from Intel and AMD.

Graphics

The graphics processor handles all the work of driving the screen and generating what gets displayed, as well as speeding up a lot of graphics-related (and increasingly, AI-related) operations. For Windows laptops, there are two types of GPUs: integrated (iGPU) or discrete (dGPU). As the names imply, an iGPU is part of the CPU package, while a dGPU is a separate chip with dedicated memory (VRAM) that it communicates with directly, making it faster than sharing memory with the CPU.

Because the iGPU splits space, memory and power with the CPU, it’s constrained by the limits of those. It allows for smaller, lighter laptops, but doesn’t perform nearly as well as a dGPU. There are some games and creative software that won’t run unless they detect a dGPU or sufficient VRAM. Most productivity software, video streaming, web browsing and other nonspecialized apps will run fine on an iGPU.

For more power-hungry graphics needs, like video editing, gaming and streaming, design and so on, you’ll need a dGPU; there are only two real companies that make them, Nvidia and AMD, with Intel offering some based on the Xe-branded (or the older UHD Graphics branding) iGPU technology in its CPUs.

Memory

For memory, I highly recommend 16GB of RAM (8GB absolute minimum). RAM is where the operating system stores all the data for running applications and it can fill up fast. After that, it starts swapping between RAM and SSD, which is slower. A lot of sub-$500 laptops have 4GB or 8GB, which in conjunction with a slower disk can make for a frustratingly slow Windows laptop experience. Also, many laptops now have the memory soldered onto the motherboard. Most manufacturers disclose this but if the RAM type is LPDDR, assume it’s soldered and can’t be upgraded.

Some PC makers will solder memory on and also leave an empty internal slot for adding a stick of RAM. You may need to contact the laptop manufacturer or find the laptop’s full specs online to confirm. Check the web for user experiences because the slot may still be hard to get to, it may require nonstandard or hard-to-get memory or other pitfalls.

Storage

You’ll still find cheaper hard drives in budget laptops and larger hard drives in gaming laptops. Faster solid-state drives have all but replaced hard drives in laptops and can make a big difference in performance. Not all SSDs are equally speedy, and cheaper laptops typically have slower drives. If the laptop only comes with 4GB or 8GB of RAM, it may end up swapping to that drive and the system may slow down quickly while you’re working.

Get what you can afford and if you need to go with a smaller drive, you can always add an external drive or two down the road or use cloud storage to bolster a small internal drive. The exception is gaming laptops: I don’t recommend going with less than a 512GB SSD unless you really like uninstalling games every time you want to play a new game.





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