Minnesota suffered terribly during the winter’s Operation Metro Surge and its statewide roundups, arrests of 5,000 people and deportations. Recent ICE arrests in Bemidji, on June 11 in northern Minnesota, sent almost two dozen Latinos into incarceration and then deportation. The actions since December 2025 by nearly 4.000 heavily weaponized federal agents cost the state $700 million in lost revenue and incalculable amounts in long-lasting trauma.
ICE isn’t gone from Minnesota, even though it’s now July. The roundups are simply less visible, less violent — ‘quieter,’ as Markwayne Mullin, head of the Department of Homeland Security, promised Trump after ICE agents murdered two Minnesota citizens, which launched a nationwide anti-ICE backlash.
Words from the Guardian describe the intent and likely outcome of the immigration operations: “The persecution of brown people and mass deportations will not create the white country of far-right fantasy.” But the administration’s current goals of at least 2,000 arrests a day, the removal of at least a million people a year, and denaturalizing at least 250 citizens a year, up from the average of 11, cause terror among the targeted groups in Minnesota and, indeed, throughout the country.
Related: Minnesota, the heart of ICE resistance, failed to join other blue states in curbing aggressive enforcement after Opetation Metro Surge
As of early 2026, ICE targeted Los Angeles, Chicago, New York, Atlanta, Denver and Phoenix, all areas with large immigrant populations, limited cooperation from local police, or places known as sanctuary jurisdictions, including San Francisco, Seattle and Washington, D.C. Significant ICE raids have occurred in agricultural areas such as Kern County, California. ICE’s St. Paul field office arrested 5,000 people from mid-December through March 10, but other field offices arrested more people during this same time, led by Miami.
Known ICE arrests by area since early 2025 are shocking:
- Miami: 41,310
- Dallas: 30,350
- New Orleans: 29,210
- Houston: 27,090
- Atlanta: 26,830
- Chicago: 23,230
- San Antonio: 22,240
In addition to violating these national laws, three international human rights laws have been repeatedly broken: against ethnic cleansing; enforced disappearances; and refoulement, sending people to places where they fear persecution.
The total: 200,260, nearly a quarter of a million people arrested in only 7 cities.
There must be justice. The federal government has violated four constitutional amendments in these illegal roundups, warrantless searches, incarcerations and deportations — the Fourth, Fifth, 10th, and 14th — rights that are guaranteed to all people in the U.S., regardless of their citizenship status. The Fourth protects against unreasonable searches and seizures. The Fifth guarantees protections for individuals in legal proceedings. The 10th reserves powers not granted to the federal government to the states; and the 14th guarantees citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law.
Lawsuits against ICE are being brought by cities, states, human rights organizations and civic entities, most frequently alleging constitutional violations regarding detention conditions; unlawful and warrantless arrests; and due process issues. These legal actions, often supported by the ACLU or the National Immigrant Justice Center, force accountability over treatment of detainees and adherence to the rule of law.
Several states are pursuing laws to enable people to sue federal agents for civil rights abuses over ICE tactics used during immigration crackdowns.
Illinois became the first state to pass such a law. The Illinois law, called the Bivens Act, lets individuals take legal action against anyone who violates constitutional rights during civil immigration enforcement; protects employees who report violations; and allows courts to award compensatory and punitive damages. The act ensures that immigrants in Illinois are safe in state courts, hospitals, universities and schools.
Because of court doctrines and congressional inaction, suing federal agents under federal law is often extremely difficult. But states can fill that gap. New state laws can ensure that federal officers answer for the harms they cause.
Six states, including California, Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York and Illinois, have passed laws to hold federal officers accountable. These laws are known as civil rights protection acts, or “converse-1983” laws. The name refers to the federal statute that lets people seek justice when state and local officers, but not federal agents, infringe on constitutional rights. These laws are the opposite, allowing action when federal officers infringe on constitutional rights.
Legislation is being considered in several other states, including Minnesota. The Minnesota Constitutional Remedies Act was introduced in the 2026 session, but it has not yet passed.
The international rule of law is being addressed as well.
As of April 2026, 36 lawmakers accused the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and ICE of creating “disappearances” on U.S. soil with unlawful detentions and a lack of transparency regarding the location of detained individuals.
Related: You say ICE, I say fraud: Senate debate over bill to help businesses hurt by ICE enforcement fell into a predictable pattern
Civil rights organizations, including the ACLU, have filed landmark lawsuits against the DHS over the unlawful confinement and secret transfer of migrants, which advocates and the United Nations classify as enforced disappearances. Physicians for Human Rights, along with the American Academy of Pediatrics and 17 other organizations, have filed an amicus brief in the Ninth Circuit addressing the critical condition of children being held in detention and their legal rights to protection.
Left unchecked, federal agents’ impunity invites more wrongdoing, makes our constitutional and international protections meaningless, and ultimately makes us all less safe by destroying any faith we might have in the federal justice system and in the rule of law.
It is critical for states to act. No matter which uniform they wear, federal, state, and local law enforcement officers and other government officials must respect our constitutional rights — including the right to protest, the right to due process and the right to be free from unlawful searches in our homes and communities. State legislatures can help restore accountability, prevent abuse and protect every community from unchecked government violence.
Minnesotans continue to bring food, medicine, rent money and support to people hiding in fear that they, too, will be caught up in these illegal arrests and deportations. This “neighboring” showed democracy at its finest, for which they received the prestigious John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage award. Legal accountability brings neighboring to the next level: the level of justice.
Ellen J. Kennedy, Ph.D., is the founder and executive director of World Without Genocide, a human rights organization in Minnesota with special consultative status to the United Nations.
